Basic verification and validation research for adaptive systems is covered by some of the activities in the afore-mentioned research areas (e.g., “Verification of systems relying on AI techniques” in the model-based testing track). More advanced topics such as “dynamic assurance” and “control synthesis for adaptive dependable systems” we have put separately because effectively addressing them will depend on growing the DSE group or on strategic cooperation with other groups within or outside of AIT. This fact, combined with the intrinsic difficulty of the tasks led us on giving them low TRL target levels.